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- 1. 资源
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- 1.1. 网址链接
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- 1.2. WIKI 关键字
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2. 版本-
- 3. FAQ
-
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- 3.1. Q: 安装过程?
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- 3.2. Q: 创建第一个邮件列表: test
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- 3.3. Q: 快速创建 maillist
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- 3.4. Q: 中文编码问题
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- 3.5. Q: 如何将 Mailman 页面中的英文翻译成中文？
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- 3.6. Q: MAIL<->NEWS Gateway ？
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- 3.7. Q: 发往邮件列表的邮件被挂起，原因: "Message has implicit destination" ？
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1. 资源
1.1. 网址链接
- http://www.list.org/
1.2. WIKI 关键字
2. 版本
3. FAQ
3.1. Q: 安装过程?
- 创建账号，准备安装目录等...
-
bash# groupadd mailman
bash# useradd -g mailman -M -s /sbin/nologin mailman
bash# mkdir -p /usr/local/mailman
bash# chown -R mailman.mailman /usr/local/mailman
bash# chmod -R 2775 /usr/local/mailman
- 中文字符集补丁
- copy Chinese Codec file to mailman source tree
-
bash# tar zxvf mailman-2.1.3.tar.gz
bash# cd mailman-2.1.3/misc
bash# cp path/ChineseCodecs-1.1.0p.tar.gz .
- 修改文件 Makefile.in 和文件 paths.py.in
- 如下修改 misc/Makefile?.in 文件
-
--- Makefile.in.org
+++ Makefile.in
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@
EMAILPKG= email-2.5.4
JACODECSPKG= JapaneseCodecs-1.4.9
KOCODECSPKG= KoreanCodecs-2.0.5
+CNCODECSPKG= ChineseCodecs-1.1.0p
-PACKAGES= $(EMAILPKG) $(JACODECSPKG) $(KOCODECSPKG)
+PACKAGES= $(EMAILPKG) $(JACODECSPKG) $(KOCODECSPKG) $(CNCODECSPKG)
# Modes for directories and executables created by the install
# process. Default to group-writable directories but
- 如下修改 misc/paths.py.in 文件
-
bash# cat >>paths.py.in<<EOF
import chinesetw
import chinesecn
EOF
- 运行如下命令:
-
bash# ./configure --with-mail-gid=mail --with-cgi-gid=nobody --prefix=/usr/local/mailman
- 上面命令行中关于 mail-gid, cgi-gid 的参数，用如下方法确定:
-
bash# grep DefaultUser /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
O DefaultUser=8:12
bash# grep -w 12 /etc/group
mail:x:12:mail
bash# grep "^User\|^Group" /etc/httpd.conf
User nobody
Group nobody
-
bash# make
bash# make install
-
bash# cd /usr/local/mailman
bash# bin/check_perms
bash# bin/check_perms -f
- Configure web server
- Configure your web server to give $prefix/cgi-bin permission to run CGI scripts.
- Edit httpd.conf like:
-
Exec /mailman/* $prefix/cgi-bin/*
or:
ScriptAlias /mailman/ $prefix/cgi-bin/
- 确认运行 CGI 的 nobody 用户不能属于 mailman 用户组，否则可以不受限制访问设置了访问权限的 mailman 文档。
- Copy the Mailman, Python, and GNU logos to proper dirs of your web server.
-
bash# cp $prefix/icons/*.{jpg,png} /path/to/apache/images
- 编辑 httpd.conf，创建别名 pipermail，指向 pipermail 的归档目录：
-
Alias /pipermail/ $varprefix/archives/public/
- 还要注意 FollowSymLinks? 的配置；
-
<Directory "/usr/local/mailman/archives/public/">
AddDefaultCharset Off
</Directory>
- Now restart your web server.
-
bash# service httpd restart
- 以 sendmail 为例：
- 最好为 mailman 配置专用的别名文件。照如下方法修改 sendmail.mc:
-
define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases,/etc/aliases.mailman')dnl
-
bash# m4 sendmail.mc > sendmail.cf
bash# touch /etc/aliases.mailman
bash# service sendmail restart
- 关于 sendmail restricted shell (smrsh)
- 如今 sendmail 大都配置了 smrsh, 即限制了能在 sendmail 中执行的命令。需要配置 mailman 的 wrapper 能够在 sendmail 中运行。
- 只需要将 mailman 执行文件在 smrsh 的目录内建立一个符号链接即可，而 smrsh 的目录通常为 /usr/adm/sm.bin，或者 /var/admin/sm.bin 或 /etc/smrsh, ...
- mm_cfg.py and Default.py 在创建新的 list 时被读取，并作为确省参数来配置新的 list 的参数。如果对 list 的参数不满意，可以通过地址 http://hostname/mailman/admin/ 来修改参数。
- Default.py 文件中设置了所有可以定制的 mailman 变量，但这个文件不应该被修改，而是修改 mm_cfg.py 文件。修改 mm_cfg.py 来定制 mailman的另外一个好处是，mailman 重新安装时会保留服务器上已有的 mm_cfg.py 文件。
- 定制 mm_cfg.py 文件，需要将定制的内容写在 from Defaults import * 之后。
- set DEFAULT_SERVER_LANGUAGE
- 将确省语言设置为中文，只有如此，当没有指定编码的中文邮件发到 list 中，才能被正确处理；
- 在这里指定确省语言，对于新生成的 list，可以避免一个一个去重新设置确省语言的选项。
-
DEFAULT_SERVER_LANGUAGE = 'gb'
- 检查文件 Defaults.py , 如果 IMAGE_LOGOS='/icons/' 并非如你所愿，
- 则修改 $prefix/Mailman?/mm_cfg.py 文件，如下：
-
IMAGE_LOGOS = '/images/'
- DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST and DEFAULT_URL_HOST 设置
- 检查文件 Defaults.py 中的关于 DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST and DEFAULT_URL_HOST 的配置。如需修改，可在文件 mm_cfg.py 加上：
-
DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost.localdomain'
DEFAULT_URL_HOST = 'localhost.localdomain'
add_virtualhost(DEFAULT_URL_HOST, DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST)
-
# Should a list, by default be advertised? What is the default maximum number
# of explicit recipients allowed? What is the default maximum message size
# allowed?
DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_RECIPIENTS = 50
DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 0 # KB
DEFAULT_DIGEST_SIZE_THRESHHOLD = 1000 # KB
# What shold happen to non-member posts which are do not match explicit
# non-member actions?
# 0 = Accept
# 1 = Hold
# 2 = Reject
# 3 = Discard
DEFAULT_GENERIC_NONMEMBER_ACTION = 0
# Mailman can be configured to "munge" Reply-To: headers for any passing
# messages. One the one hand, there are a lot of good reasons not to munge
# Reply-To: but on the other, people really seem to want this feature. See
# the help for reply_goes_to_list in the web UI for links discussing the
# issue.
# 0 - Reply-To: not munged
# 1 - Reply-To: set back to the list
# 2 - Reply-To: set to an explicit value (reply_to_address)
DEFAULT_REPLY_GOES_TO_LIST = 1
DEFAULT_MSG_FOOTER = """_______________________________________________
%(real_name)s mailing list
email address: %(real_name)s@%(host_name)s
list homepage: %(web_page_url)slistinfo%(cgiext)s/%(_internal_name)s
web archive : http://hostname/pipermail/%(_internal_name)s
"""
- Create a "site-wide" mailing list.
- This is the one that password reminders will appear to come from. Usually this should be the "mailman" mailing list, but if you need to change this, be sure to change the MAILMAN_SITE_LIST variable in mm_cfg.py
- create the "mailman" list
-
bash$ bin/newlist mailman
bash$ bin/config_list -i data/sitelist.cfg mailman
- 注意: There is a convenient template for a generic site list in misc/sitelist.cfg to help you with this. The template can be applied to your site list by running:
- Start the Mailman qrunner daemon
- Set up the crontab entries.
-
bash# cd $prefix/cron
bash# crontab -u mailman crontab.in
or
bash#su - mailman
bash#crontab crontab.in
-
bash# bin/mailmanctl start
- Start Mailman every time you reboot your system
-
bash# scripts/mailman /etc/init.d/mailman
bash# chkconfig --add mailman
- Customize Mailman
- Create the site password using:
-
bash# $prefix/bin/mmsitepass <your-site-password>
- This password can be used anywhere that individual user or mailing list administrator passwords are required, giving the mailman site administrator the ability to adjust these things when necessary.
- You may also want to create a password for the site-wide "list creator" role (someone other than the site administrator who as privileges to create and remove lists through the web). Use the -c option to mmsitepass to set this.
3.2. Q: 创建第一个邮件列表: test
-
bash# bin/mmsitepass
- http://my.dom.ain/mailman/create
- 填写相应字段，不要忘记在 "List creator's password" 填上刚刚创建的口令。
- 检查邮箱，查收 Mailman 发来的通知邮件——一个新的列表已经创建；
- 创建邮件别名
- 如果使用非 Exim 或 Postfix (如：Sendmail、qmail) 作为 MTA 就需要参照通知邮件的内容手工创建邮件别名；
- 创建完毕后，执行 newaliases 命令；
- 重启 sendmail：service sendmail restart；
- 访问地址 http://my.dom.ain/mailman/admin/name-of-the-list, 修改确省配置以及管理邮件订阅者名单；
- 向新创建的列表发送邮件进行测试；
3.3. Q: 快速创建 maillist
- 确认有一个适合的 mm_cfg.py，就可以简化创建后对列表的定制过程。
-
###############################################
# Here's where we get the distributed defaults.
from Defaults import *
##################################################
# Put YOUR site-specific settings below this line.
IMAGE_LOGOS = '/images/'
DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST = 'cvs.rd.is-one.net'
DEFAULT_URL_HOST = '10.0.0.7'
add_virtualhost(DEFAULT_URL_HOST, DEFAULT_EMAIL_HOST)
# Should a list, by default be advertised? What is the default maximum number
# of explicit recipients allowed? What is the default maximum message size
# allowed?
DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_RECIPIENTS = 50
DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 0 # KB
DEFAULT_DIGEST_SIZE_THRESHHOLD = 1000 # KB
# What shold happen to non-member posts which are do not match explicit
# non-member actions?
# 0 = Accept
# 1 = Hold
# 2 = Reject
# 3 = Discard
DEFAULT_GENERIC_NONMEMBER_ACTION = 0
# Mailman can be configured to "munge" Reply-To: headers for any passing
# messages. One the one hand, there are a lot of good reasons not to munge
# Reply-To: but on the other, people really seem to want this feature. See
# the help for reply_goes_to_list in the web UI for links discussing the
# issue.
# 0 - Reply-To: not munged
# 1 - Reply-To: set back to the list
# 2 - Reply-To: set to an explicit value (reply_to_address)
DEFAULT_REPLY_GOES_TO_LIST = 1
DEFAULT_MSG_FOOTER = """_______________________________________________
%(real_name)s mailing list
email address: %(real_name)s@%(host_name)s
web archive : http://10.0.0.7/pipermail/%(_internal_name)s
"""
-
bash# bin/newlist listname [listadmin-addr [admin-password]]
-
bash# echo subscriber@host.name | bin/add_members -r - -wn -an listname
- 将邮件列表 listname 的配置导出到文件 filename
-
bash# bin/config_list -o filename listname
- 用配置文件 filename，更新邮件列表 listname 的配置
-
bash# bin/config_list -i filename listname
3.4. Q: 中文编码问题
- 如果只是邮件的正文包含中文，邮件能够正常发送，接收邮件也正常，但是转换成网页，中文显示成乱码。
- 中文字符以 &#number; 格式显示，在 IE 中显示为欧洲字符；
- 如果发送邮件的标题包含中文，则邮件不能被发送，查看 /usr/local/mailman/logs/error 文件，看到如下错误信息：
-
Dec 24 15:10:50 2003 (3526) SHUNTING: 1072249849.865207+77db27f35a1302967488b48a43f814f47a2886c7
Dec 24 15:11:57 2003 (3526) Uncaught runner exception: unknown encoding: gb2312
Dec 24 15:11:57 2003 (3526) Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Queue/Runner.py", line 110, in _oneloop
self._onefile(msg, msgdata)
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Queue/Runner.py", line 160, in _onefile
keepqueued = self._dispose(mlist, msg, msgdata)
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Queue/IncomingRunner.py", line 130, in _dispose
more = self._dopipeline(mlist, msg, msgdata, pipeline)
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Queue/IncomingRunner.py", line 153, in _dopipeline
sys.modules[modname].process(mlist, msg, msgdata)
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Handlers/CookHeaders.py", line 75, in process
prefix_subject(mlist, msg, msgdata)
File "/usr/local/mailman/Mailman/Handlers/CookHeaders.py", line 262, in prefix_subject
h.append(s, c)
File "/usr/local/mailman/pythonlib/email/Header.py", line 285, in append
s = s.encode(outcodec, errors)
LookupError: unknown encoding: gb2312
- 未发出的邮件保存在 qfiles/shunt 目录下
- 安装中文字符集支持。参见: [本文中关于中文字符集的安装]；
3.5. Q: 如何将 Mailman 页面中的英文翻译成中文？
- 在目录 messages 下存放着各个语种的 message catalog 文件，中文应该在 gb 目录下， 如果没有该目录 messages/gb/LC_MESSAGES/，从 mailman 源代码目录下复制文件 messages/mailman.pot，并改名为 mailman.po;
- 可以用 KDE's KBabel 工具，亦可以用普通的字处理软件打开 mailman.po 文件，逐条翻译；
- 翻译完毕，用工具 msgfmt 从 .po 文件生成 .mo 文件；
-
bash# msgfmt -v -o mailman.mo mailman.po
- 在目录 templates 下保存着各个语种的模板文件，如果不存在 gb 目录，将 en 目录的内容 复制到 gb 目录下；
- 翻译 gb 目录下的 .html, .txt 文件；
- 确认 Mailman/Defaults?.py 文件包含了本语种的 add_language()；
3.6. Q: MAIL<->NEWS Gateway ？
Majordomo 和 Newsgroup 互转比较麻烦，这方面 Mailman 做得非常好，只需要在管理界面配置关于 MAIL<->NEWS Gateway 的几个参数即可。
- The hostname of the machine your news server is running on.
- The name of the Usenet group to gateway to and/or from.
- Should new posts to the mailing list be sent to the newsgroup?
- Should new posts to the newsgroup be sent to the mailing list?
- Prefix Subject: headers on postings gated to news?
- Should Mailman perform a catchup on the newsgroup?
3.7. Q: 发往邮件列表的邮件被挂起，原因: "Message has implicit destination" ？
- 想创建一个邮件别名，包含几个邮件列表的地址，即 发往该邮件别名的邮件，能够同时被传递给多个邮件列表中。
- 为了防止垃圾邮件，Mailman 对收件人地址做了判断，如果收件人地址不是邮件列表本身，则认为是垃圾邮件，需要经过管理员的确认放可投递。
- 登录邮件列表管理界面，选择 Privacy options... --> Recipient filters --> require_explicit_destination, 将 require_explicit_destination 设置为 'no'.
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